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 Energy-management systems have helped other HVAC approaches, such as thermal storage His firm regularly installs water- and ice-based thermal-storage systems, and he expects demand to continue as energy becomes more expensive heatductsizing and less reliable. One of the oldest means of cooling buildings heatductsizing is certainly evaporative cooling. In the 19th-century American Southwest, for example, small structures were cooled by means of wood towers as high as 20 feet tall with dripping water that benefited from prevailing breezes. One problem was that the open systems led to microbial growth and scale build-up, breeding both disease and inefficiency. Still, the same mechanical effect undergirds some of today''s innovative buildings, especially where they include evaporative condensers, a basic but energy-efficient technology. And many operational problems of water-based equipment are, well, history. With energy costs and awareness rising, such basic notions as shade and more sophisticated phenomena, such as "evapo-transpiration" from landscaping features are now guiding principles for building design and operations. Getting oriented To reduce heating and cooling costs, project planners can first minimize HVAC load heatductsizing by means of massing, orientation, fenestration and landscaping. "Building orientation is something you really need to focus on today," says Ben Houston, president and COO with TD Industries, Dallas, a large mechanical contractor, "so you have minimum solar exposure in summer, but get some simple heat gain in the winter." Of course, this heatductsizing relatively simple concept is often difficult to pull off in the real world facility manager and mechanical engineer., which just completed 350,000 square feet of new construction and renovations started heatductsizing in including its corporate headquarters. Baker''s group gets involved at the earliest stages of the planning process. "HVAC is a prime consideration at that time," he says. Early on, designers and facility managers carefully reviewed the configuration and orientation of the new headquarters. "Ideally, we could have focused strictly on the most advantageous orientation based on energy-cost savings alone,"However, at least some of that decision was based on the location of other buildings on the campus and their orientation." The project, he adds, also needed to have a high profile and world-class design. "So we spent a lot of time on both the general footprint as well as orientation," he recalls. Side-stream (off-line) filtration is used in some applications. In this configuration, the filter is located in a loop off the main fluid line or attached to a reservoir. Steps 3 - 6: Operating conditions. These steps generate statements or measurements of circuit operating conditions. The variable values in these steps must be found before specifying media and the size of the separator. In a batch-flow situation, it may be useful to calculate both average and peak flow conditions or to find the total volume of each batch to be filtered. This information may lead to selection of a less expensive model than a continuous-flow situation would allow. Flow and viscosity, major determinants of initial pressure drop in a filter or separator, influence element service-life and sizing. Upstream and downstream contaminant concentrations are used to calculate the removal efficiency required for the media or separator. If you are searching for gas heat for your new or old home check us out. We can help you find the right system that works for you. Check out our site and learn about how today's systems can properly heat your home.
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